Bulk materials have the characteristics of internal friction and lateral pressure. They are pulled by the conveying chain in the direction of its movement within the trough of the machine, which increases their internal pressure and the internal friction among the particles. During horizontal conveying, this internal friction ensures a stable state among the material layers and forms a continuous overall flow. When the internal friction among the material layers is greater than the external friction between the materials and the trough walls, the materials will move forward along with the conveying chain. When the ratio of the height of the material layer to the width of the trough meets certain conditions, the material flow will be stable.

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